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Lernen im Mikrokosmos
Martin LindnerResearch Studios Austria
Studio Microlearning & Microinformation EnvironmentsInnsbruck/Salzburg
www.microlearning.org
Wie digitaler Microcontent die Umwelt verändert, in der wir arbeiten, lernen und leben
Game-based VideoOnline Conference, September 17, 2008
“Das sind zwei völlig verschiedene Welten –
auf der einen Seite das moderne Zuhause,
eine Umwelt geprägt von integrierter elektronischer Information – und auf
der anderen Seite Klassenzimmer und Büros.”
(2008 ist die Kluft größer als jemals zuvor –
und sie wächst weiter!)
Marshall McLuhan (1967):
„Das ideale Klassenzimmer“
Solche Umwelten spiegeln das Selbstbild von Organisationen: effektiv, produktiv, hochkonzentriert, SAP-zertifiziert.
So würde der passende „ideale Arbeitsplatz“ dazu aussehen – vor dem Web (aber da stehen die meisten Organisationen immer noch).
So stellt man sich digitales Lernen und Informations-Vermittlung dazu vor.
US Airforce, 2002
Glückliche zertifizierte SAP-User.
effektiv, produktiv, hochkonzentriert, zertifiziert nach SCORM-Standard …
Adapted from Edward Tufte‘s famous graphic about MS Powerpoint
„Lernen“ in Makro-Organisationen
Emergente Mikro-Organisationen„Emergence: The connected lives of ants, brains, cities,
and software“
„Google Lernen“:Jede InformationsarbeiterIn tut das, ob sie es weiß und will oder nicht
?
„Die Lösung für den ‚Information Overload‘? …
OPENNESS
OPEN SPACE
Continuous Partial & Peripheral Attention
… mehr Information, in anderer Form und anderen Kanälen.
Un das ist nicht beschränkt auf Gee-Cockpits.Es gilt für alle, deren Tag zu einem großen Teil aus
e-Mails, Web-Suche, SMS und kurzen Handy-Telefonaten besteht.
Wie kann man sich auf diese neue Subjekt-Position einstellen?
Wir sind mitten in einemglobalen digitalen Klimawandel.
David Weinberger, 2002
Small Pieces Loosely Joined
“[The Web is ] a collection of ideas, none longer than can fit on a single screen.
… small nuggets pointing to more small nuggets.”
Das führt zu dramatischen Veränderungen in der Semiosphäre.
„Semiosphere“: a term coined by Jurij M. Lotman, referring to „Biosphere“.
Die Zirkulation von Mikroinformation heizt sich auf.
Das hat Folgen für unser alltägliches Leben!
(Somehow more than just a metaphoric illustration – since the 1980s, Al Gore has actually been both
a prophet of Global Warming and an evangelist of the Internet.)
Gletscher ...
… schmelzen ab.
Wüsten …
… breiten sich aus.
Lebensformen verlieren den gewohnten Lebensraum.
MICROSOFT OFFICE
Ordner & Dokumente
Festnetz-Telefonanlag
e
Lokale Desktop
Programme
Das Microsoft Office …
MICROCONTENT
discovered in 2001
Google shreddert alleszu rohem
Microcontent.
WLAN, Laptops& andere mobile
Geräte.
Mobiltelefone,Kurz- und
Kürzest-Anrufe
Explosion dereMail Inbox
… nach dem Hurricane.
MICROCONTENT
discovered in 2001
Das Microcontent Office
“Die Medien, das ist nicht länger etwas, das wir nutzen,
Wir werden selbst ein Teil davon.”
“Media is is something we become part of”:
Swimming in seas of microcontent
and streams of microtasks.
Mikroinformation will zirkulieren
drops
trickles & flowpools
clouds
In micromedia environments, knowledge takes on the form of clouds.(Microcontent being something like small drops of vapor.)
“Personal Info Cloud”
Thomas Van der Wal,
2005
www.vanderwal.net
„… all kinds of information chunks in our digital life take on the form of
digital lifestreams …
… leaving behind a stream-shaped cyberbody, like an aircraft's contrail, as we go”
David Gelernter, The Second Coming – A Manifesto (2000)
So sollte sich Lernen und Arbeiten in der neuen Informationsgesellschaft anfühlen.
drops
flowpools
clouds
Emergenz von Information, von Bedeutung, von Sinn
Microcontent.Der Stoff aus dem das Web gemacht ist.
“We've discovered in the last few years thatnavigating the web in meme-sized chunks
is the natural idiom of the Internet.“
Anil Dash, 2002
Introducing the Microcontent Client
“Microcontent is information published in short form,with its length dictated by the constraint of a single main topic
and by the physical and technical limitations of the software and devices that we use to view digital content today. “
Anil Dash, 2002
Introducing the Microcontent Client
… memes: self-replicating units of cultural information
Microcontent is a virus
self-contained
the smallest units of meaning and attentionthat can stand for itself
elementary
individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed
appropriate media format
appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets
Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Human processed information
self-contained
the smallest units of meaning and attentionthat can stand for itself
elementary
individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed
appropriate media format
appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets
Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Human processed information
appropriate media format
appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets
STANDARD
self-contained
[some relation to object-oriented programming]
elementary
individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed
appropriate data format
appropriately formatted for integration in different applications and services
Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Computer processed information
self-contained
[some relation to object-oriented programming]
elementary
individually addressable to be easily re-used and re-mixed
appropriate data format
Dash‘s microcontent definition (paraphrase): Computer processed information
appropriate data format
appropriately formatted for integration in different applications and services
STANDARD
The evolution of microcontent is a complex feedback phenomenon –
it can not be reduced neither to software nor to humans
(Microcontent is about circulation, not just transmission.Standards have to be built for enabling feedback and
emergence.)
The Micro-Web is about emergent patterns ofuser-generated and user-enriched content
appropriate media format for human attention
appropriately formatted to work as building block in different cultural patterns and individual mindsets
appropriate data format for computers
appropriately formatted for integration in different applications and services
Emergent standards:microformats, RSS/Atom,tagging APIs…
Emergent standards:blog posts, microbloggingtemplates, delicious items …
But for now e-Learning primarily is formatted neither for humansnor for the Web, but for macro-organizations & -institutions.
appropriate format for organizationsFormatted to stabilize macro-organizational frameworks:
- macro-organizational training (formal, top-down)- macro-organizational calculation of costs- macro-organizational management control
If we want to designnext-generation eLearning & Information Management,
we have to understand & bear in mind the nature of microcontent-based information work.
“Did you hear?
e-Learning is Dead.
That's right... dead. Shot down in the prime of its life.
Six feet under. Kaput.“
Jay Cross (2003)
Jay Cross had coined the term„e-learning“ in 1998,
fascinated by the possible impactof the Internet on
human-centered learning.
He got frustrated when the term was misused in the following years,When it became just a new buzzword label for „Computer-based Online Training“
& the transfer of courses & classrooms into virtual „Learning Management Systems“.
Jay Cross now prefers to speak of „Informal Learning“.
(But the concept has close connections to Stephen Downes‘ „e-Learning 2.0“-meme.)
2007
