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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2 006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden der Elektromagnetischen Feldtheorie I (NFT I) / 12th Lecture / 12. Vorlesung Universität Kassel Fachbereich Elektrotechnik / Informatik (FB 16) Fachgebiet Theoretische Elektrotechnik (FG TET) Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 Büro: Raum 2113 / 2115 D-34121 Kassel Dr.-Ing. René Marklein [email protected] http://www.tet.e-technik.uni-kassel.de http://www.uni-kassel.de/fb16/tet/marklein/index.html University of Kassel Dept. Electrical Engineering / Computer Science (FB 16) Electromagnetic Field Theory (FG TET) Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 Office: Room 2113 / 2115 D-34121 Kassel

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

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Page 1: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1

Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I)

Numerische Methoden der Elektromagnetischen Feldtheorie I (NFT I) /

12th Lecture / 12. Vorlesung

Universität KasselFachbereich Elektrotechnik /

Informatik (FB 16)

Fachgebiet Theoretische Elektrotechnik

(FG TET)Wilhelmshöher Allee 71Büro: Raum 2113 / 2115

D-34121 Kassel

Dr.-Ing. René [email protected]

http://www.tet.e-technik.uni-kassel.dehttp://www.uni-kassel.de/fb16/tet/marklein/index.html

University of KasselDept. Electrical Engineering /

Computer Science (FB 16)Electromagnetic Field Theory

(FG TET)Wilhelmshöher Allee 71

Office: Room 2113 / 2115D-34121 Kassel

Page 2: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 2

FIT Discretization of the 3rd and 4th Maxwell’s Equation /FIT-Diskretisierung der 3. und 4. Maxwellschen Gleichung

m

e

e

m

d( , ) ( , ) ( , )

d

d( , ) ( , ) ( , )

d

( , ) ( , )

( , ) ( , )

S C S S

S C S S

S V V

S V V

t t tt

t t tt

t t dV

t t dV

B R dS E R dR J R dS

D R dS H R dR J R dS

D R dS R

B R dS R

Governing Analytic EquationsMaxwell’s equations in integral form /

Maxwellsche Gleichungen in Integralform

FIT Grid EquationsMaxwell’s grid equations /

Maxwellsche Gittergleichungen

m

e

e e

m m

d( ) ( ) ( )

d

d( ) ( ) ( )

d

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

t t tt

t t tt

t t t

t t t

S B curl R E S J

ε S E curl ν R B S J

div ε S E V ρ Q

div S B V ρ Q

Page 3: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 3

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

Electric Gauss’ grid equation – 3rd Maxwell’s grid equation in global matrix form / Elektrische Gaußsche Gittergleichung – 3. Maxwellsche Gittergleichung in globaler Matrixform

e

e

( ) ( )

( )

t t

t

div ε S E V ρ

Q

e

e

div ε S E V ρ

Q

0t

e E R R

e

e

e

D R ε R E R

D R R

ε R E R

ε R R

ε R R

e e ε R R R

ee

ee

RR

RR

Inhomogeneous, anisotropic case / Inhomogener anisotroper Fall

Homogeneous, isotropic case / Homogener isotroper Fall

Page 4: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 4

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

e E R R

e

e

e

D R ε R E R

D R R

ε R E R

ε R R

ε R R

e e ε R R R

ee

ee

RR

RR

Inhomogeneous, anisotropic case / Inhomogener anisotroper Fall

Homogeneous, isotropic case / Homogener isotroper Fall

e

e

e

dS V V

S V

S V

S V

V

D R ε R E R

D R dS R

ε R E R dS

ε R R dS

ε R R dS

e e dS V V

V

ε R R dS R

Page 5: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 5

FIT Discretization of Scalar Electric Potential /FIT-Diskretisierung des skalaren elektrischen Potentials

( )nxE

( )nyE

( )nzB

( )nyB ( )n

zE

( )nxB

( )nyE

( )nzB

( )nyB ( )n

zE

( )nxB

Integral form / IntegralformIntegral form / Integralform

Differential form / DifferentialformDifferential form / Differentialform

( )

( )

n

n

g G

m M

( )ng G

e E R R

1e

E R grad

FIT grid equation / FIT-GittergleichungFIT grid equation / FIT-Gittergleichung

( )nxE

( )en ( )

en( )

exn M

( )e

zn M( )e

x zn M M

( )e

yn M

e

e e2 1

C C

E R dR R dR

R R

( )1( )

egradnnE R

Page 6: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 6

FIT Discretization of Scalar Electric Potential /FIT-Diskretisierung des skalaren elektrischen Potentials

( )nyE

( )nzE

( )nxE

( )en( )

exn M

( )e

zn M

( )e

yn M

Integral form / IntegralformIntegral form / Integralform

e

e e2 1

C C

E R dR R dR

R R

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

( )

( )

e e

e

e

e 0 e

, ,

, , e d

( , , ) d

d

, ,

, , e d

, , d

, ,

x x

C x x

x xxx x

x xxx x

x xnx x x

nx

x x

C x x

x xxx x

x x

x x

x y z

x y z x

E x y z x

E x

E x

x y z

x y z x

x y z xx

x y z x

E R dR E dR

E

R dR dR

0

( ) ( )e e

, ,

xn M n

x y z

e

e e2 1

( )( ) ( ) ( )e e e

( )( ) ( ) ( )e e e

( )( ) ( ) ( )e e e

( )

( )

( )

xx

y

y

zz

C C

n Mn n nx M

n Mn n ny M

n Mn n nz M

E x I S

E y I S

E z I S

E R dR R dR

R R

Page 7: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 7

FIT Discretization of Scalar Electric Potential /FIT-Diskretisierung des skalaren elektrischen Potentials

e

e e2 1

C C

E R dR R dR

R R

( )

( )

( )e

grad

( ) ( )e

( )

( )

( )

grad

x

y

z

n

n

x Mn

y M

MzR

E

n n

E I Sx

y E I S

z I SE

R E

( )( ) ( )e e

( )e

( )( ) ( )e e

( )e

( )( ) ( )e e

( )e

( )

( )

( )

x

x

y

y

z

z

n Mn nx

nM

n Mn ny

nM

n Mn nz

nM

E x

I S

E y

I S

E z

I S

1

1( ) ( )e

1

1

1

gradn n

xx

R y Ry

z

z

E R

Page 8: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 8

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

Electrostatic Poisson’s grid equation / Elektrostatische Poissonsche Gittergleichung

1e

E R grad

e e ε R R R

ee

ee

RR

RR

Inhomogeneous, anisotropic case / Inhomogener anisotroper Fall

Homogeneous, isotropic case / Homogener isotroper Fall

e E R R

1e

div ε S E div ε S R grad

1e e

div ε S R grad V ρ

A x b

1

e

e

A div ε S R grad

x

b V ρ

with / mit

Page 9: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 9

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

Electrostatic Poisson’s grid equation / Elektrostatische Poissonsche Gittergleichung

1e e

div ε S R grad V ρ

3 3

3 3

1

diag{ } 0 0

0 diag{ } 0

0 0 diag{ }

diag{ } 0 0

0 diag{ } 0

0 0 diag{ }

1diag 0 0

10 diag 0

10 0 diag

N N

N N

N N N N

N N

N N

N N N N

N N

N N

N N

y z

x z

x y

x

y

z

x

y

z

S

R

R

3 3N N

(1)e

(2)e

e

( )e

( )

( ){ } , ,

( )NN

t

ti x y z

t

Page 10: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 10

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

Electrostatic Poisson’s grid equation / Elektrostatische Poissonsche Gittergleichung

1e e

div ε S R grad V ρ

1

1diag 0 0

diag{ } 0 01

0 diag{ } 0 0 diag 0

0 0 diag{ }1

0 0 diag

diag 0 0

0 diag

N NN N

N NN N

N N

N N

N N

xy z

x zy

x y

z

y z

x

x z

y

S R

0

0 0 diag

N N

N N

x y

z

Page 11: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 11

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

e

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

( , ) ( , )

( , ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( , ) ( ) ( ) ( )

x y z

x y z

S V V

n n nM x M y M zS V

n n nn n nxx yy zzM x M y M zS V

t t dV

t S I D t y z S I D t x z S I D t x y

t S I E t y z S I E t x z S I E t x y

D R dS R

D R dS

ε R E R dS

( )

e e( , ) ( )nV

t dV t x y z R

( )( ) ( ) ( )e e e

( )( ) ( ) ( )e e e

( )( ) ( ) ( )e e e

1 1( )

1 1( )

1 1( )

xx

y

y

zz

n Mn n nx M

n Mn n ny M

n Mn n nz M

E I Sx x

E I Sy y

E I Sz z

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )e

( ) ( )e

( ) ( )e

( ) ( , )

1( )

1( )

1( )

x y z

x x

y y

z z

n n nn n nxx yy zzM x M y M zS V

n nxxM M

n nyyM M

n nzzM M

t S I E y z S I E x z S I E x y

S I I S y zx

S I I S x zy

S I I Sz

ε R E R dS

x y

Page 12: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 12

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

( )e e( , ) ( )n

Vt dV t x y z R

( ) ( )e

( ) ( )e

( ) ( )e

1( ) ( , ) ( )

1( )

1( )

x x

y y

z z

n nxxM MS V

n nyyM M

n nzzM M

t S I I S y zx

S I I S x zy

S I I S x yz

ε R E R dS

( ) ( )e

( ) ( )e

( ) ( ) ( )e e

1( )

1( )

1( ) ( )

x x

y y

z z

n nxxM M

n nyyM M

n n nzzM M

S I I S y zx

S I I S x zy

S I I S x y t x y zz

( ) ( )e2

( ) ( )e2

( ) ( ) ( )e e2

1( )

1( )

1( )

x x

y y

z z

n nxxM M

n nyyM M

n n nzzM M

S I I Sx

S I I Sy

S I I Sz

Page 13: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 13

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

( ) ( )e

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )e e2 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )e e e e2

( ) (e2

1 1( ) ( )

1

1

x x x x

x x x x

n Mx nxx M Mx x

I

x

n n nn nxx xx xxM M M M

n n n nn n n nxx xx xx xxM M M M

S S

n M nxx

S I I S S I Sx x

S S S Sx

x

( ) ( ) ( )e

( ) ( ) ( )) ( )( ) ( )e e e

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )e2

2

( )

2

1( )

12

xx x

n n Mx nxx xx

x

x x x

Mx

x

x x

n M n nM n Mn nxx xx xx

n M n n nxx xx xxM M M

A

n Mxx M M

S I S I Sx

S Ax

( ) ( ) ( )ex

n n nxx xx MI S

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )

e e2 2

1 1( ) 2x

x x x x x

n n M n nn nxx xx xx xxM M M M MS I I S S A I S

x x

Page 14: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 14

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )e e2 2

( )( ) ( )

( )e2 2 2

1 1( ) 2

2

x

x x x x x

xx

x x

n n M n nn nxx xx xx xxM M M M M

nn M nxxMxx xx n

M M

S I I S S A I Sx x

AS I S

x x x

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )e e e e2 2

( )( ) ( )

( )e2 2 2

1 1( ) 2

2

y y y

y y y

yy

y y

n n M n nn M n Mn nyy yy yy yyM M M

nn M nyyMyy yy n

M M

S I I S Sy y

AS I S

y y y

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )e e e e2 2

( )( ) ( )

( )e2 2 2

1 1( ) ( )

2

z z zz z z

zz

z z

n n M n nn M n Mn nzz zz zz zzM M M

nn M nzzMzz zz n

M M

S I I S I Sz z

AS I S

z z z

Page 15: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 15

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )e e e2 2 2

( )( ) ( )

( )e2 2 2

( )( ) ( )

2 2 2

1 1 1( ) ( ) ( )

2

2

x x z z y y

xx

x x

yy

y

n n nn n nxx zz yyM M M M M M

nn M nxxMxx xx n

M M

nn M nyyMyy yy

M

S I I S S I I S S I I Sx z y

AS I S

x x x

AS I S

y y y

( ) ( ) ( )

( )e

( )( ) ( )

( )e2 2 2

( ) ( )( )( ) ( )

2 2 2 2 2

2

2 2 2

y

zz

z z

x y

z y x

n n nzz yy xx

nM

nn M nzzMzz zz n

M M

n nnn n xx yyM Myyzz xx

M M M

AS I S

z z z

A A AS S S

z y x x y

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

( )( )( ) ( )

( )e2 2 2 2

( ) ( ) ( )

yx zz

x y z

n M n M n Mx y zzzxx yyn

z y

nn Mn M n MzzM yyxx zz n

M M M

n n nzz M yy M xx

I S S Sz x y z

S S S

( )( )( ) ( ) ( )e

yx zx x y z

n Mn Mn n M nM xx M yy M zz MI S S S

Page 16: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 16

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

e e e2 2 2

(( )( )( ) ( ) ( )

( , ) ( ) ( , )

1 1 1( ) ( ) ( )

x x z z y y

xz y x x

S V S V

n n nn n nxx zz yyM M M M M M

nn Mnn n nzz M yy M xx M xx M yy

t t

S I I S S I I S S I I Sx z y

S S S I S

D R dS ε R E R dS

) ( ) ( )e

y zy z

M n M nM zz MS S

( )e e( , ) ( )n

Vt dV t x y z R

e

( , ) ( ) ( , )

( , )

S V S V

V

t t

t dV

D R dS ε R E R dS

R

( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )e e

( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )e e

( )

( )

yx zz y x x y z

yx zz y x x y z

n Mn Mn n Mn n n n nzz M yy M xx M xx M yy M zz M

n Mn Mn n Mn n n n nzz M yy M xx M xx M yy M zz M

S S S I S S S t x y z

S S S I S S S t x y z

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) ee( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( )yx z

z y x x y z

n n n n M n M n Mx y zzz yy xx xx zzyy

n Mn n Mn n M nnyy yy nxx xxzz zz

M M M M M Mn n n n n n

t x y zS S S I S S S

( )n

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) e

e ( )

( )x y z

z y x x y z

nn n n n M n M n M nzz yy xx xx yy zzM M M M M M n

t x y zS S S I S S S

Page 17: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 17

N N

A

Discrete Poisson’s Grid Equation / Diskrete Poissonsche Gittergleichung

1

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) e

e ( )

( )x y z

z y x x y z

nn n n n M n M n M nzz yy xx xx yy zzM M M M M M n

t x y zS S S I S S S

zz

zz

yy xx

xxyy

A x b

xMyM

zM

xM

yM

zM

Page 18: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 18

3-D FIT – Electrostatic Case / 3D-FIT – Elektrostatischer Fall

Electrostatic Poisson’s grid equation / Elektrostatische Poissonsche Gittergleichung

1e e

div ε S R grad V ρ

0 r3 3 3 3

23 3

13 3

3

( )

1

( )

N N N N

N N

N N

N N

x

x

x

ε I

S I

R I

V I

Homogeneous isotropic case for a cubic grid complex / Homogener isotroper Fall für ein kubischen Gitterkomplex

2 30 r e e

1( ) ( )x x

x

div I I I grad I ρ

2

e e0 r

( )x

div grad ρ

2

e e0 r

( )x

div grad ρ

Electrostatic Poisson’s grid equation / Elektrostatische Poissonsche Gittergleichung

Page 19: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 19

Band Structure of the Div-Grad-Operator in Matrix Form / Bandstruktur des Div-Grad-Operators in Matrixform

T

T

T

TT T

, ,

x

x y z y

z

x x y y z zN N

P

div grad P P P P

P

P P P P P P

11

1

1

1

1 div grad

1

1

11

11

Page 20: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 20

Band Structure of the Div-Grad-Operator in Matrix Form / Bandstruktur des Div-Grad-Operators in Matrixform

11

1

1

1

1

div grad

1

1

11

11

121

1

21

1

2

1

16

11

1

1

1

Page 21: Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 1 Numerical Methods of Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I) Numerische Methoden

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 21

Band Structure of the Div-Grad-Operator in Matrix Form / Bandstruktur des Div-Grad-Operators in Matrixform

div grad

16

1

1

1

1

1

div grad

161

1

1

1

1

div grad

14

1

1

1

div grad

141

1

1

3-D case / 3D-Fall

3-D case / 3D-Fall

2-D case in thexz plane /

2D-Fall in derxz-Ebene

2-D case in thexz plane /

2D-Fall in derxz-Ebene

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 22

Numerical Methods for Linear Systems / Numerische Methoden für lineare Gleichungssysteme

A x b

One the simplest type of iterative methods for solving the linear system / Einer der einfachsten Typen von iterativen Methoden zur Lösung des linearen

Gleichungssystems

• Jacobi method (J method) / Jacobi-Methode (J-Methode)

• Gauss-Seidel method (GS method) / Gauß-Seidel-Methode (GS-Methode)

• Successive overrelaxation method (SOR method) / Überrelaxationsverfahren (SOR-Methode)

• Symmetric successive overrelaxation method (SSOR method) / Symmetrisches Überrelaxationsverfahren (SSOR-Methode)

• Jacobi method (J method) / Jacobi-Methode (J-Methode)

• Gauss-Seidel method (GS method) / Gauß-Seidel-Methode (GS-Methode)

• Successive overrelaxation method (SOR method) / Überrelaxationsverfahren (SOR-Methode)

• Symmetric successive overrelaxation method (SSOR method) / Symmetrisches Überrelaxationsverfahren (SSOR-Methode)

• Gaussian elimination (Gauss method) / Gaußsches Eliminationsverfahren (Gauß-Methode)• Gaussian elimination (Gauss method) / Gaußsches Eliminationsverfahren (Gauß-Methode)

• Conjugate gradient method (CG method) / Konjugierte Gradientenmethode (KG-Methode)

• Multi grid methods (MG method) / Mehrgitterverfahren (MG-Methode)

• Algebraic multi grid method (AMG method) / Algebraische Mehrgitterverfahren (AMG-Methode)

• Conjugate gradient method (CG method) / Konjugierte Gradientenmethode (KG-Methode)

• Multi grid methods (MG method) / Mehrgitterverfahren (MG-Methode)

• Algebraic multi grid method (AMG method) / Algebraische Mehrgitterverfahren (AMG-Methode)

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 23

Numerical Methods for Linear Systems / Numerische Methoden für lineare Gleichungssysteme

Algebraic multi grid method (AMG method) / Algebraische Mehrgitterverfahren (AMG-Methode) Algebraic multi grid method (AMG method) / Algebraische Mehrgitterverfahren (AMG-Methode)

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 24

Numerical Methods for Linear Systems / Numerische Methoden für lineare Gleichungssysteme

Algebraic multi grid method (AMG method) / Algebraische Mehrgitterverfahren (AMG-Methode) Algebraic multi grid method (AMG method) / Algebraische Mehrgitterverfahren (AMG-Methode)

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 25

Iterative Methods for Linear Systems / Iterative Methoden für lineare Gleichungssysteme

A x b

LU decomposition of matrix [A] /LU-Zerlegung der Matrix [A]

A L D U

21

31 32

1 2 ( 1)

11 22

12 1

( 2)

( 1)

0 0 0

0

0

0 0

0

diag , , ,

0

0 0

0 0

0

0 0 0 0

N N N N N N

NN N N

N

N N

N N

N N

A

A A

A A A

A A A

A A

A

A

L

D

U

Lower triangular matrix / Unter Dreiecksmatrix

Main diagonal matrix / Hauptdiagonalmatrix

Upper triangular matrix / Obere Dreiecksmatrix

A x b L D U x b D x L U x b

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 26

Iterative Methods for Linear Systems / Iterative Methoden für lineare Gleichungssysteme

1 1

cG

A x b

L D U x b

D x L U x b

x D L U x D b

G x c

( 1) ( ) 1, 2, ,l l l L

x G x c

x G x c

• Jacobi method (J method) / Jacobi-Methode (J-Methode)

• Gauss-Seidel method (GS method) / Gauß-Seidel-Methode (GS-Methode)

• Successive overrelaxation method (SOR method) / Überrelaxationsverfahren (SOR-Methode)

• Symmetric successive overrelaxation method (SSOR method) / Symmetrisches Überrelaxationsverfahren (SSOR-Methode)

• Jacobi method (J method) / Jacobi-Methode (J-Methode)

• Gauss-Seidel method (GS method) / Gauß-Seidel-Methode (GS-Methode)

• Successive overrelaxation method (SOR method) / Überrelaxationsverfahren (SOR-Methode)

• Symmetric successive overrelaxation method (SSOR method) / Symmetrisches Überrelaxationsverfahren (SSOR-Methode)

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 27

Jacobi Method / Jacobi-Methode

( 1) ( )JJ

1J

1J

1, 2, ,l l l L

x G x c

G D L U

c D b

( )( 1)J, J,

1

1, 2, ,N

lli ij ij

j

x G x c l L

1( 1) ( ) ( )

J, J, J,1 1

1, 2, ,i N

l l lij ij ii j j

j j i

x G x G x c l L

It follows with the LU decomposition of matrix [A] /Mit der LU-Zerlegung der Matrix [A] folgt

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 28

Jacobi Method / Jacobi-Methode

A L D U

div grad

=

A

141

1

1

JJ

1 1JJ

cG

x D L U x D b G x c

1

1

1

1

4

1J

G D L U

1

1

1

1

1

4

2

e e0 r

( )x

div grad ρ2-D case in the xz plane / 2D-Fall in der xz-Ebene

2-D case in the xz plane / 2D-Fall in der xz-Ebene

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 29

Jacobi & Gauss-Seidel Method / Jacobi- & Gauss-Seidel-Methode

( , ) ( , )( , ) ( , )( , 1) ( )1

4x xz zn M l n M ln M l n M ln l nx x x x x b

( 1) ( )JJ

1J

1J

1, 2, ,l l l L

x G x c

G D L U

c D b

( , 1) ( , )( , 1) ( , )( , 1) ( )1

4x xz zn M l n M ln M l n M ln l nx x x x x b

( 1) ( )GSGS

1

GS

1

GS

1, 2, ,l l l L

x G x c

G D L U

c D L b

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 30

Successive Overrelaxation Method (SOR Method) / Überrelaxationsverfahren (SOR-Methode)

( 1)( 1) ( ) ( )

( 1)( )

1, 2, ,

1

ll l l

ll

l L

x x x x

x x

( 1)

( 1)

Algebraic field vector at the iteration step / :

Algebrischer Feldvektor zum Iterationsschritt

Gauss-Seidel value at the iteration step /:

Gauß-Seidel-Wert zum Iterationsschritt

R :

l

l

l

l

l

l

x

x

elaxatios Parameter /

Relaxationsparameter

Under relaxation method /0 1 :

Unterrelaxationsmethode

Gauss-Seidel method /1 :

Gauß-Seidel-Methode

Over relaxation method /1 2 :

Überrelaxationsmethod

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 31

Successive Overrelaxation Method (SOR Method) / Überrelaxationsverfahren (SOR-Methode)

( 1)( 1) ( ) ( )

( 1)( )

1, 2, ,

1

ll l l

ll

l L

x x x x

x x

( 1) ( ) ( 1)

1( ) ( 1) ( )

J, J, J,1 1

1

1 1, 2, ,

l l li i i

i Nl l l

ij ij ii j jj j i

x x x

x G x G x c i N

1

( 1) ( ) ( 1) ( )1 1J,

1 1

1 1, 2, ,i N

l l l lii ij ii ij ii i j j

j j i

x x D L x D U x c i N

1 1 1( 1) ( ) ( 1) ( )1 1, 2, ,

l l l li N x x D L x D U x D b

SORSOR

1 1( 1) ( )1 1, 2, ,

l li N

cG

x D L D U x D L b

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 32

Successive Overrelaxation Method (SOR Method) / Überrelaxationsverfahren (SOR-Methode)

( 1)( 1) ( ) ( )

( 1)( )

1, 2, ,

1

ll l l

ll

l L

x x x x

x x

SORSOR

1 1( 1) ( )1 1, 2, ,

l li N

cG

x D L D U x D L b

1

SOR

1

SOR

1

G D L D U

c D L b

( 1) ( )SORSOR

1, 2, ,l l l L x G x c

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 33

Symmetric Successive Overrelaxation Method (SSOR Method) / Symmetrische Überrelaxationsverfahren (SSOR-

Methode)

1 1

2 2

1 1

2 2

1( ) ( )

J, J, J,1 1

11 ( 1)

J, J, J,1 1

1 1, 2, ,

1 , 1, ,1

i Nl ll l

ij ij ii i j jj j i

i Nl ll l

ij ij ii i j jj j i

x x G x G x c i N

x x G x G x c i N N

1 1( ) ( )1 1 1( ) ( )2 2

1 1( ) ( )1 1 1( 1) ( )2 2

1 1, 2, ,

1 , 1, ,1

l ll l

l ll l

i N

i N N

x x D L x D U x D b

x x D L x D U x D b

Forward SOR step / Vorwärts-SOR-Schritt

Forward SOR step / Vorwärts-SOR-Schritt

Backward SOR step / Rückwärts-SOR-Schritt

Backward SOR step / Rückwärts-SOR-Schritt

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 34

Convergence of Point Iterative Methods / Konvergenz von punktiterativen Methoden

1,2,...,

SOR

SSOR

max

1

0 2

0 2

nn N

G G

G

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 35

Error Vector and Error Measure / Fehlervektor und Fehlermaß

SOR,opt

J

2

J

J

2

JSOR

J

SSOR

J

1J

2

1 1

11 1

1 1

1

4

2

1 2 1

cosD

dd N

D

G

G

G

GG

G

L U

G

G

Symmetric positive definite [A] matrix /

Symmetrische positiv-definite [A] Matrix

Approximation for a D-dimensional Dirichlet problem / Approximation für ein D-dimensionales Dirichlet-Problem

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 36

Optimal Relaxation / Optimaler Relaxationsparameter

( 1) ( )

( ) ( )

( 1) ( )

( )

(l+1) ( , 1) ( , )max

1,2,...,

( , 1) ( , )(l+1)rel,max ( , 1)1,2,...,

lim 0

max

max

l l

l l

l l

l

l

n l n l

n N

n l n l

n ln N

x G x c

x G x c

ε x x

ε G ε

ε

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 37

nMedium

(2)Medium

(1)

Medium

nTransition Conditions / Übergangsbedingungen Boundary Conditions / Randbedingungen

(2) (1)

(2) (1)e e e0

(2) (2)e

(1)(2) (1)re e e(2) (2)

r 0 r

0

const.

( )

1( )

tan tan

n n

E E

D D

n n

R R

R R

R R R

R R R

e e0

e

e e0 r

0

const.

( )

1( )

tan

n

E

D

n

R

R

R R

R R

I(nterface)SR B(oundary)SR

Electrostatic (ES) Fields / Elektrostatische (ES) Felder

(2) (1)

(2) (2)e

0

( )

tan tan

n n

E E

D D

R R

R R R

e

0 pec / iel

( ) pec / iel

tan

n

E

D

R

R R

e ( )

pec/iel

R

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 38

Boundary conditions for the electrostatic potential / Randbedingungen für die elektrostatische Potential

e e 0 e 0

e e0 r

const. ( 0 V)

1( )

n

R

R R

Medium

nB(oundary)SR

e, , ( )E R D R R

Electrostatic (ES) Fields / Elektrostatische (ES) Felder

e ( ) R

e ( )

pec/iel

R

Dirichlet Boundary Condition for Фe /

Dirichlet-Randbedingung für Фe

Neumann Boundary Condition for Фe /

Neumann-Randbedingung für Фe

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 39

Example: 2-D Dirichlet Problem / Beispiel: 2D-Dirichlet-Problem

ee

0 r

( )( )

x zx z

S

R e e

RR R

(1)e (2)

e (3)e

e 0 e 0 e 0 e 0 e 0

e 0 e 0 e 0 e 0 e 0

e 0

e 0

e 0

e 0

e 0

e 0

(4)e (5)

e (6)e

(7)e (8)

e (9)e

(1)e

(2)e

(3)e

(4)e

(5)e

(6)e

(7)e

(8)e

(9)e

4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

1 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

0 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 0

1 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 1 4 1 0 1 0

0 0 1 0 1 4 0 0 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 4 1 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 4 1

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 4

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

b

e ( ) 0 DC S R R

( ) ( )e 0n n

Dx n C S

(1)e

(2)e

(3)e

(4)e

(5)e

(6)e

(7)e

(8)e

(9)e

2

e e0 r

( )x

xAb

div grad ρ

e e0 r

1( ) ( ) d

S V VV

S

R dS R

R

Dirichlet boundary condition for Фe / Dirichlet-Randbedingung für Фe

Dirichlet boundary condition for Фe / Dirichlet-Randbedingung für Фe

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 40

Example: 2-D Dirichlet Problem / Beispiel: 2D-Dirichlet-Problem

3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31N N N N N N N N

e e 0 s s s ss( , ) ( ) ( ) x zx z x x z z x z R R e e

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 41

Example: 2-D Dirichlet Problem / Beispiel: 2D-Dirichlet-Problem

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Dr.-Ing. René Marklein - NFT I - Lecture 12 / Vorlesung 12 - WS 2005 / 2006 42

End of Lecture 12 /Ende der 12. Vorlesung